German Modal Verbs (können, müssen, wollen)

After this lesson you can say what you can, must and want to do.

Do this first: Verb position

German Modal Verbs (können, müssen, wollen)

Modal verbs say what you can, must, want or are allowed to do. They come with a second verb, and that second verb goes to the very end of the sentence.

Watch · 0%

Kulturnotiz

Getting wollen and möchte right matters more than most grammar points, because the difference is heard as manners rather than accuracy. Ich will einen Kaffee lands like "give me a coffee"; Ich möchte einen Kaffee, bitte is what an adult German says. Children say will, and adults notice.

Common questions

+Why is ich will "I want" and not "I will"?

A false friend. German wollen means "to want"; the English future "will" is unrelated. Ich will gehen means "I want to go", not "I will go".

+Why do modals have no -e in the ich form?

They are a small historical class with their own pattern. Ich kann, ich muss, ich will — and the er/sie/es form is identical, which is unusual in German and makes them easy to spot.

+What is the difference between müssen and sollen?

Müssen is genuine necessity — Ich muss arbeiten. Sollen is obligation from someone else, closer to "am supposed to" — Ich soll früher kommen, meaning someone told me to.

+Do I ever need zu before the main verb?

Not with modals. Ich will lernen, never Ich will zu lernen. Other verbs like versuchen do take zu, but that comes later.

Practise these words

Free Chrome extension

Learn German with any YouTube video — the 3minGerman plugin

The 3minGerman Chrome extension adds German and English subtitles to every YouTube video. Click any word to see its translation and etymology; it is saved to your 3minGerman account, and the daily quiz repeats it with spaced repetition until you remember it.

  1. STEP 1
    Install the plugin
    Add it to desktop Chrome — free.
  2. STEP 2
    Watch any video
    German + English subtitles appear automatically.
  3. STEP 3
    Click any word
    Translation, etymology, audio — saved to your words.
  4. STEP 4
    Take the daily quiz
    Spaced repetition beats the forgetting curve.